schnorr

BIP 340 — Schnorr Signatures for secp256k1

Introduced Schnorr digital signatures to Bitcoin, replacing ECDSA for Taproot transactions. Schnorr signatures are provably secure, non-malleable, and enable efficient multi-signature aggregation — making complex scripts indistinguishable from simple payments on-chain.

BIP 341 — Taproot: SegWit Version 1 Spending Rules

Introduced Taproot, the most significant Bitcoin protocol upgrade since SegWit. By combining Schnorr signatures (BIP 340) with Merkelized Abstract Syntax Trees (MAST), Taproot makes complex spending conditions as private and efficient as simple payments, while enabling more sophisticated smart contracts.